Marketing glossary

All | # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
There are currently 13 names in this directory beginning with the letter P.
Parallel pricing
Pricing goods in line with the competition.
Perito's Principle
Also referred to as the 80:20 rule. 80% of your business comes directly from 20% of your customers.
Point of sale advertising
Advertising features, display racks and cardboard cut-outs positioned at the place where customers buy products.
Portal
A term often used to refer to a company that hosts a number of banner adverts with the main aim of generating significant amounts of revenue.
Portfolio management
Managing a range or 'portfolio' of products or services and new developments in an integrated way, analysing the competitors in each market and recommending methods for optimising the future portfolio.
Pre-marketing
Marketing activities prior to product launch.
Premium price
A product with a high price, usually sold on style, quality uniqueness or rarity. These 'exclusive' products are normally sold through selected outlets.
Product line
A company's product or group of products with similar characteristics. Product lines may contain a subdivision of further product lines.
Product manager/ product marketing manager
An individual in a company who is responsible for the marketing of a product or group of products. In larger companies this post reports into the marketing director.
Promotional mix
Assigning financial resources to the various elements needed for promoting a product or service. This 'mix' is used as a basis of promoting the product.
Public relations
The process of developing relations and finding positive angles for gaining press and media exposure.
Public sector
Governmental organisations set-up to meet the needs of the country. These bodies generally exist to serve without making a profit.
Pull strategy
A method of gaining extra sales by use of point-of-sale advertising, stocking offers to resellers etc. The purpose here is to pull the product through the distribution channel and push it to customers. This is termed 'push-pull'.

All | # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
There are currently 206 names in this directory.

Adoption process (the buying process)
Any method that explains the step-by-step way that consumers behave in buying products where they begin with ignorance of a product and move through the 'steps or stages' to purchasing. This is a commonly used expression by marketing consultants or marketing agencies.
Advertising
The placing of a persuasive announcement in audio, video, electronic, online or printed form with for the purposes of promotion of products or services. Advertising is often seen as a ‘sexy form’ of marketing promotion.
Advertising agency
An advertising agency is an organisation providing a range of services related to advertising (see marketing agency (also called marketing services agency) to compare and contrast the advertising agencies and marketing services) and design services. Generally the larger ones (found primarily in Manchester in the Northwest of England) will have marketing services expertise and may provide video or multimedia services- however this is often 'farmed out' to specialist video production companies or multimedia agencies. Very few marketing or marketing services companies or advertising agencies like thinktank have in-house marketing services together with advertising services and high-end video production facilities.
Anchor effect
Used by a marketing services agency or advertising agency, the anchor effect or anchoring is a very powerful method of marketing promotion where consumers compare product prices against an established product, like the market leader. The bias created attracts consumers towards this price - the anchor effect.
Ansoff matrix
A four box matrix used by marketing consultants and in-house marketing teams for looking at taking existing products / services into new markets new products into existing markets.
Antitrust laws
Commonly large companies such as software houses are in the press for breaching antitrust laws that are laws found in the us, forbidding monopolies, unfair competition and restraints of trade. The laws also forbid lessening of competition by exclusive dealing and price discrimination.
Average customer lifetime
The average time (in days, months or years) a customer buys from your business. Marketing consultants use this information (especially relationship marketing experts as found at thinktank marketing) to improve company profitability.
Average lifetime value
The total amount of money spent during the average lifetime (see average lifetime) by a customer. Marketing services consultants use average lifetime value to improve a company’s overall profitability by maximising the average customer lifetime value.
Average-cost pricing
Basing product pricing by using a method of adding a fixed percentage onto the total cost of producing the product. This crude method of pricing is often used by companies with large volumes of products, or by companies who choose not to market their products or services using marketing methodology.
B-roll
Commonly also called cutaways. B-roll is footage filmed to tell the story, very often to support a contributor or narrative within a corporate film or documentary
Bait & switch advertising
A misleading advertising offer intended to mislead the prospective customer into thinking that the company is selling a product at a price which the company has no intention of doing so. The purpose is to increase inquiries and thus switch the consumer to buy from the company. Some companies regard this as unethical marketing or unethical advertising
Balance of trade
The difference between a country's exports and imports.
Banner advertising
A small rectangular banner placed by companies on other web sites the hosting web site owner is paid revenue for the number of page impressions or the number of click throughs to the client web site. Banner advertising is much more sophisticated than when originally introduced to the web in the 1990s.
Banner exchange schemes
Method of networking whereby companies with complimentary products or services exchange banner adverts to increase traffic to their respective web sites. A cost-neutral marketing initiative.
Barriers to competition
Market forces which make entering the market difficult. Branding, advertising & promotion, patents, market entry restrictions and tariffs are examples of this. Marketers and investors often cite barrier to competition as a measure used to look at long term investment opportunity or revenue generation opportunity.
Barriers to market entry
The factors making successful new product development difficult to bring to market like the economy, laws and technical knowledge and ability. Barrier to market entry can often be increased for competitors by the successful acquisition of intellectual property rights such as patents or trademarks. These barriers to market entry can stop or slow down competition. This is a technique extensively used by marketers and patent agencies to prevent competition in the short-medium term.
Below-the-line cost
Any cost that is not itemised in a production budget.
Benefit segmentation
Dividing prospects and customers into groups based on what benefit they are looking for from a product. For example, some people choose bottled beers due to their perceived better taste whereas others may choose to drink them for 'trend or image' reasons.
Benefit selling
Where a salesperson states product benefits that closely match the prospective customers needs in order to win the sale. Marketing agencies employing senior or expert marketing consultants with a solid understanding of marketing principles will often work with clients to make sure that these benefit messages are relevant and successful when employed.
Beta product testing
Where software companies will freely distribute an early working version of a new product so that a mass user group can identify glitches and report back the problems to the product development team. Some companies such as apple choose not to adopt wide beta testing programmes and there is much debate about the effectiveness of beta programme testing.
Block plan
A store layout plan with actual sizes, shapes and locations off all store goods.
Body copy
The main text in an advert, company literature or web site. The body copy is used by marketing experts or nlp specialist marketing consultants to engage with client / customer groups in a way which persuades. You will buy from thinktank, methods which effectively mean that your body copy works better than ever before!
Bonus pack
A pack or carton giving extra away for free or a reduced price. A classic marketing tactic to enable customers to experience the product for the first time or to get more for free!
Boomerang method
A salesperson's method of turning an objection into a reason for acting immediately with the intention of strengthening the possibility of winning the sale.
Boston Growth Matrix
Cash cows, stars, problem child (question mark) and dogs. This tool developed by the boston consulting group is used to look for possible problems and helps with divesting and harvesting of products.
Brand
The brand is the name, logo and any special property that identifies a product or service in its own right. Legally it is referred to as a trademark if a company has applied for trademark status. The brand can be a single product, a group of products or the entire offer of a company (e.g., mcdonalds, coca cola, etc – these are all registered trademarks of their respective companies).
Brand awareness
The level of customer awareness of a brand's existence within a market. Experienced marketing consultants will know the difference between brand awareness and brand equity.
Brand choice
The purchase of one brand instead of another where a choice exists. Marketing services agencies know the power of brand choice by consumers or b2b customers.
Brand dilution
Weakening of brand image by launching too many line extensions or using the brand name across a wide variety of areas. There are rare examples of this actually working in practise like virgin, however, other factors have contributed to the success of brands like virgin and are beyond the scope of this text. Brand dilution as classically defined is not as relevant as it once was during the pre-internet era.
Brand equity
The value or perception of the qualities of a brand within a market, based on attitudes, beliefs and favourable consequences of using the brand. Marketing consultants understand the power of brand equity.
Brand extension (also called line extension)
The process of launching a new product line using an existing brand name and adding a 'tag' to identify it with. For example blackcurrant tango is a line extension of the tango brand.
Brand generic
Not the same as generic brand! A brand generic is the latter half of a brand identity. Hoover vacuum cleaner , hoover the brand and vacuum cleaner the generic.
Brand image
Perception of the brand in the mind of a prospective customer. People's beliefs, expectations and feelings about a brand.
Brand indifference
This is where the customer has no preference for one brand over another for whatever reason. Often these customers will purchase brands based on convenience, price or by chance (for further reading on chance try looking up the bernoulli principle in marketing textbooks).
Brand logo
The 'badge' of the brand, which may or may not include the brand name.
Brand loyalty
The bond of habit or tendency of a customer to buy a brand based on their beliefs, perception, attitudes and experience of use of that brand. Brand loyal customers have a very high barrier to 'switching' products (see brand switching).
Brand management
The management process carried out by a company and / or its agency responsible for developing all aspects of the brand.
Brand name
The part of a brand represented in letters or numerals. This does not include the logo. Brand positioning (see positioning)
Brand switching
Where a customer changes to another brand or exhibits buying behaviour that possesses no loyalty to buying one brand over another.
Break-even point
The period in time from product launch when the sales of a product equal the total cost of production, marketing administration and distribution of that product.
Break-even profit point
The time period when total sales costs since launch equals the total cost of product development and all other associated costs since launch. This time period always comes later than the break-even point.
Broadband
Also referred to as high speed internet, broadband is internet access at a high speed. There are various broadband speeds usually 8-20 times faster than a standard modem. Variations of high speed internet access are known as asdl (asymmetric digital subscriber line), dsl (digital subscriber line), t1, t2 etc.
Broadcast quality
This is a much higher quality production (and therefore more expensive) than needed for multimedia or vhs use.
Brown goods
Consumer electronic goods like tvs video's hi-fi.
Budget
Companies refer to the budget as 'sales budget' or 'marketing budget'. Sales budget refers to the amount of sales forecasted over a given period and marketing budget is the amount of money allocated to spend on marketing the product. It can be confusing sometimes.
Buying signal
Salespeople identify buying signals in order to 'close' a sale. These are often key phrases or visual signals given by customers.
CAD
Computer aided design
Captive market
Where a customer is in an environment like a motorway service station or airport and has no other alternative source from which to purchase. Pricing often reflects the restriction of choice for the customer
Cartel
An immoral arrangement where like minded businesses fix or set prices to maximise profit.
Category killer
A large store (physical or virtual) that concentrates solely on a very narrow range of products and offers poor service but prices the products very low.
Cause related marketing
A marketing policy using an approach which appeals to the greater good of humanity. For example organic foods or body shop. These companies aim to do business and protect and respect animal life or the planet. A company adopting this approach must ensure that all of its activities are carried out in a way which supports their claim to be green and eco-friendly.
Channel (also called distribution channel)
The network of organisations and systems for getting the product from the producer to purchaser.
Close
The point at which the salesperson attempts to finish the deal when selling.
Club plan selling
Using existing customers or members to gain reward for 'introducing another person' to a product or service.
Comparative advertising
An advert in which reference or inference to another competitive product is made and compares or invites the customer to compare the two. Taking the 'pepsi challenge' is a good example of this.
Competitive advantage
Where one company has an advantage over another because of things like lower production costs, superior product quality or uniqueness.
Contingency planning
The image that a company portrays to the outside world.
Convergence
A term often used to denote the 'coming together' of tv/video/pc/telephone into an integrated household unit.
Corporate Identity (Corporate ID)
The image of a company. This term is also loosely used to describe a company or brand logo, typeface etc.
Corporate strategy
The main company plan containing a 'mission' human and financial resource strategies together with all the business strategies of the company in priority order.
Cost-plus pricing
Selling a range of products by setting the price on the basis of adding a fixed mark-up to the total costs of production and associated costs.
Crisis management
An organised method of minimising the impact of a serious event, product failure or adverse publicity.
Customer promiscuity
The number or proportion of customers who defect from buying your brand every year.
Customer retention -the number or proportion of customers who are retained (stay doing business with a company) every year. This is usually expressed as a percentage or by using the average customer lifetime value (see above)
Customer retention -the number or proportion of customers who are retained (stay doing business with a company) every year. This is usually expressed as a percentage or by using the average customer lifetime value (see above)
Customer satisfaction
The study of looking at customers experience of a product or service against their expectations.
D-commerce
Using new technologies like digital tv to sell products and services. This term is no longer used anymore.
Database marketing
The management process of developing relationships with existing customers and new business prospects by electronically storing and analysing data to produce useful information on which to make future marketing decisions.
Decision Making Unit (DMU)
The individual or team responsible for making the final buying decision (see also influencers).
Demand curve
A graph showing how price affects the sales of a product with all other variables being constant.
Demand oriented pricing
Setting the price on the basis of demand at various prices.
Demographics
Human factors such as age, sex, education, religion, earnings, occupation and geography which are used to classify customers for building target customer groups.
Depth interview
A detailed interview used in market research where the individual expresses a range of views rather than answering yes or no. These are used to a gain deep insight and understanding of issues.
Dichotomous question
A market research question where the answer can either be one choice or another, e.g., yes or no.
Digital Print
A cost effective way of printing when only a small amount of printed material is required. It differs from lithographic (standard) printing in both quality and cost.
Direct advertising
Mass promotion where the advertising material goes to a known target audience, like direct mail.
Direct channel
Where the company sells or 'divests' a product service or category for strategic reasons.
DMA
Data & marketing association
Downsizing
Reducing the number of employees and restructuring the company in order to increase profitability.
E-commerce
The exchange of money (and data) via the internet to buy goods, gain information from remote sources and transfer money (on-line banking).
Early Adopters
Before mass take-up of a product but after the innovators who will buy at an earlier stage.
Early and late majority
People who will wait to buy a product until after it has been tried and tested by the innovators and early adopters but buy before the product has become well-established.
EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)
Exchange of data between companies to facilitate day-to-day business.
EFTPOS (Electronic Fund Transfer at Point-of-Sale)
Selling products to consumers by electronically taking money at the point of sale , e.g., supermarket checkout.
Elasticity
Elasticity measures how increasing or decreasing the price affects demand for a product.
Export marketing
The process of marketing goods or services outside the parent companies home country.
Extranet
A closed computer network link to share information between different companies.
Flash
Animation produced for the web or multimedia using a product calling macromedia flash.
Fonts
A typeface, for example arial, helvetica, times new roman etc.
Forum
A web page which is used to exchange views about a particular subject or subjects where viewers generally have similar interests.
Fragmentation
The fine splitting of markets into segments then fragments as consumers become more selective in their buying behaviour or where there is a plethora of product choice.
Frequency
The number of times you get your promotional message across to the average target customer during the period of a campaign.
Full-line pricing
Where there is a dependency of pricing between one product and another in a line of goods sold by that company.
Gap Analysis
A complex process identifying the gap between what is being done now in the marketing of a product and where it should be to fall into line with overall strategic objectives. Gap analysis identifies what needs to be done and assesses the cost and probability of achieving it.
GATT
The total value of goods and services produced by a country over a given time.
Generic advertising
A product named by its generic class, e.g., dvd player, video etc.
Global advertising
An advertising campaign that is run across many countries and continents with a similar message, modified only slightly for each target country.
Global brand
A brand name used world-wide (like coca cola).
GNP (Gross National Product)
A country's total financial output and services output over a given period of time.
Group testing
An expression used in market research where many people are gathered together in the same environment to discuss, taste or test products, services or advertising.
Halo effect
An expression used in data management and general business. Data collection defines the term as the carry-over effect seen when data with sample error is used in other calculations. In business, the term often refers to the added effect of one thing upon another.
Hard goods
Goods like home furnishings, hardware, finishing and appliances.
Harvesting
A strategy used when a company is in need of money or forecasts a downturn in the long-term market. The company usually maximises the amount of turnover from a product by a variety of ways, such as lowering the price, saturating the market etc. To achieve this.
Headline
The main heading of an advert.
Hierarchy of needs (See Maslow)
Hierarchy of needs (see maslow)
Hit rate
The number of times a particular web site or page on a web site has been visited by people surfing the web.
Horizontal integration
The acquisition of businesses in the same market place to strengthen the business and reduce competition.
Hosting
The place or company where a web site is stored so that people can see the site when using the internet.
HTML email
Email with graphics/pictures used for promotion, usually sent by the thousands.
IDM
Institute of direct marketing
Impulse purchase
A quick buying decision that is made without the customer going through an 'adoption process' first. An example of this is the buying of chocolate at a supermarket checkout.
Influencers
The individuals in a company that have a direct influence on the final decision of any buying choice. These people may be end users, lower management in large companies or any individual that has the ear of anyone on the decision making unit (see decision making unit).
Innovators
People who buy a product soon after launch and without the need for seeking other opinions or experience.
Intranet
A company's internal communication network on which employees can access information and newsletters via a graphics interface such as a browser like internet explorer or netscape. The intranet may be connected to the internet for employees to access information, however, people outside the company cannot gain access to the intranet.
JIT (Just in Time)
A manufacturing method used to reduce stock levels by planning to receive goods exactly when they are needed.
JIT II (Just in time II)
An advanced version of jit where there is a greater relationship between the manufacturer and its suppliers. Often the suppliers will have their personnel working within the manufacturers plant.
Joint venture
A company's major account holders.
KVI (Known Value Items)
A set of key brands within a retail environment where their prices are well known by the average consumer. Consumers cannot be aware of every price and so the kvis are the brands that will make a store look cheap or expensive.
Laggards
People who will not buy a product until after it has become well established and owned by a great number of people.
Law of diminishing return
This states that there is a point after which adding things like product features or increasing quality will not be worthwhile as there will be a low return for the company in doing this.
Life cycle
The evolution of a brand from its launch (birth), through to the end of its natural life where the product is deleted from a company's portfolio. There are different kinds of product life cycle depending on the market however and life cycles can range from as little as one year in a high tech environment like computers through to many decades. The life cycle is characterised by a period of slow growth at launch, followed quickly by fast exponential sales growth. The growth in sales slows at the product reaches a maturity phase and later goes into decline. This is then followed by product withdrawal for financial reasons.
Line extension
A new product that has carries the name of an existing brand normally new sizes, tastes, colours, models etc.
List price
The published price of an item, excluding any discount offered by a reseller.
Lithographic printing
A term used to describe the process for printing what is called the 'traditional' way. Most printing of promotional brochures is done in this way (see also digital printing).
Loyalty schemes
A method used for building relationship with customers by obtaining detailed information about their habits, rewarding the for buying from your business and attempting to stop them switching business to a competitor.
Macro / micro segmentation
A mulitstep approach to business looking at a company's macro environment such as its customers sic code and size of the buying firm through to micro issues such as order size and urgency.
Macromarketing
This looks at larger marketing issues such as the economy, political situation, changes in legislation etc. On a broad level.
Mark-up
The extra price that the company sells its product using the cost of production price for the basis of calculating the mark-up.
Market coverage
A measure of how many outlets in a given area (compared to the total number of outlets) stock a product.
Market index
An analytical technique used to express two or several factors into numerical form. This is used for a number of reasons including targeting.
Market penetration
A strategy that aims to increase businesses within a market or to maintain business if defending competition from competitors.
Market research
The process of selecting methods of gathering, recording and analysing market data for marketing purposes.
Market segment
A group of customers in a market with a defined set of needs. Markets usually have a number of these groups and thus are called segments. Further subdivision of segments is known as market fragments.
Market segmentation
The process of looking at the different customer needs within a market and dividing them into different segments based on these needs. (see market segments).
Market share
The percentage of unit or £ sales of any product within its market.
Marketing
(not the technical definition) the process of managing a company's products or services to maximise the profitability of the company (unless the organisation is non-profit making) . It evaluates current and changing customer needs and market conditions to develop new products or services. The process ensures that all aspects of the product, optimum places for selling, setting prices and its promotion, are conducted in the best way. These same principles are also applied to existing products and company portfolios.
Marketing Agency
Full-service and non full-service. The majority of marketing agencies provide a high level of marketing advice and expertise on marketing matters. A full service agency, like thinktank marketing provides a full service in-house with expert understanding of strategy, design, e-business, multimedia, web site development and direct marketing / database development.
Marketing mix
Assigning financial resources to the various elements of the marketing of a product or service. The four p's , product, price, place and promotion are all allocated a budget for marketing purposes (also see promotional mix).
Marketing plan
A detailed instruction plan outlining the methods needed for a product to be successful within a market. It evaluates market conditions, previous sales history, swot (see swot analysis), and future promotion plans. This document is usually for one product or a group of products, however, in smaller businesses it may form the entire company plan.
Maslow's hierarchical needs
A well established theory of abram maslow that examines the way humans are motivated and seeks to explain their aspirations. A good tool for use in both marketing and sales.
Media buying
The analysis of client needs by a marketing or advertising agency for subsequent purchase of advertising space on behalf of the client.
Media mix
The study of the marketing activities of a company.
Mission statement
A public statement of a company's intent. This includes the purpose and strategic aims of the company. The mission forms the basis for all company activities.
Multibrand strategy
The act of a company having one or more products in the same competing market. Soap powder and shampoo are good examples of this.
Multimedia agency
An organisation providing 2-d and 3-d interactive presentations for use with computers, web sites and touch-screen kiosks. These agencies rarely deal with traditional design or marketing.
Multiple packaging
A term used for various things including a product that has more than one layer of packaging, such as a foil container inside a cardboard carton.
Mystery shopping
A research method where a representative of the market research company will pose as a customer to assess the level of service provided by a company.
National brand
A brand that is marketed throughout one country. However, a national brand may be marketed in different countries under a different name.
Negative advertising
A method of advertising aimed at exposing the weaknesses of competitor products.
New product development
The process of identifying customer needs and bringing a product or service to the market that matches these needs.
Niche marketing
A product aimed at a specific market segment or segments. (see market segments).
Non-price competition
Marketing a product without focusing on price. In this situation there will usually be focus on service levels, product choice etc.
Non-profit making organisation
A government or charity organisation with a remit to serve the public or to benefit good causes.
OEM
Companies that buy other companies goods to make its products. Pc manufacturers (digital, dell, ibm etc.) Are examples of an oem.
On-line
An activity that takes place over the internet.
Organogram
A company's organisation chart.
Parallel pricing
Pricing goods in line with the competition.
Perito's Principle
Also referred to as the 80:20 rule. 80% of your business comes directly from 20% of your customers.
Point of sale advertising
Advertising features, display racks and cardboard cut-outs positioned at the place where customers buy products.
Portal
A term often used to refer to a company that hosts a number of banner adverts with the main aim of generating significant amounts of revenue.
Portfolio management
Managing a range or 'portfolio' of products or services and new developments in an integrated way, analysing the competitors in each market and recommending methods for optimising the future portfolio.
Pre-marketing
Marketing activities prior to product launch.
Premium price
A product with a high price, usually sold on style, quality uniqueness or rarity. These 'exclusive' products are normally sold through selected outlets.
Product line
A company's product or group of products with similar characteristics. Product lines may contain a subdivision of further product lines.
Product manager/ product marketing manager
An individual in a company who is responsible for the marketing of a product or group of products. In larger companies this post reports into the marketing director.
Promotional mix
Assigning financial resources to the various elements needed for promoting a product or service. This 'mix' is used as a basis of promoting the product.
Public relations
The process of developing relations and finding positive angles for gaining press and media exposure.
Public sector
Governmental organisations set-up to meet the needs of the country. These bodies generally exist to serve without making a profit.
Pull strategy
A method of gaining extra sales by use of point-of-sale advertising, stocking offers to resellers etc. The purpose here is to pull the product through the distribution channel and push it to customers. This is termed 'push-pull'.
Qualitative
Market research used to generate detailed information rather than numbers or percentages.
Qualitative into quantitative research
A method of usage qualitative research as a primary tool in order to develop the ideal way to carry out quantitative market research.
Quantitative
Market research used to generate a numerical evaluation of a given parameter in a market place like 'awareness', number of times used etc.
R&D (Research & Development)
The process and team responsible for bringing new products to market and improving existing products.
Rate card
The published rate at which a newspaper, tv or radio station sells advertising space or time.
Re-branding
Changing the name, image or logo of a current brand on the market.
Relational purchasing
The way customers buy products or services based on their beliefs about a product or company and their relationship with that brand or company. An 'emotional' purchase. (see transactional purchasing for contrast).
Relationship marketing
Marketing by development of relationships with customers through tactics like mailings, clubs, magazines etc. The marketing relies on building an effective database of customer and their needs.
Respondent
An individual or company who completes a request like filling in a form, taking part in market research or returning a reply from a mailshot.
Response driven mechanism
A reply paid card or device used to collect data or gain further interest / sale of a product.
Retailing mix
The development of a plan outlining the optimum way to attract customers, including store position, layout, store design, services offered, advertising and promotion budget.
Sample
In market research, a selection of individuals for research that contains a representative sample of the market. In promotion a sample is a small pack of goods distributed to prospective customers in order to experience the product.
Sampling error
Normally this process takes time to see the outcomes before a comparison can be made.
Search Engine Optimisation
The process of improving and optimising a web site on the internet..
Search engines
An internet term for a site where you can search for what you are looking for when you insert a series of key words or phrases.
Selected outlets
Often to maintain exclusivity of the product and a high price.
Service Level Agreement (SLA)
An agreement between two parties (either in the same company or with suppliers or customers) that clearly defines the expectations required from one or both parties.
Shared values approach
Method of placing products of similar perceived quality within the same promotional setting, or companies product portfolio. It justifies the extra 'premium price' of relatively unknown brands.
SIC (Standard Industrial Classification)
Products and establishments are divided into sic codes depending on various factors. The system was developed by the us department of commerce.
Strategic market planning
The decision making process that examines and recommends the best strategies for a company to market new and existing products.
Surfing
Spending time using the internet visiting various sites.
SWOT analysis
A matrix used for examining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for companies, products or service within a market. The idea is to maximise the strengths and opportunities and minimise the weaknesses or threats. Swot can also be in a quantitative form whereby weighting factors are added to each element of the swot.
Tactics
Detailed short-term ways of achieving the marketing strategy.
Target customers
A list of customers with common interests that form the focus of your promotion. The list can be individual names or in the case of mass marketing just common characteristics like age, sex income etc. Used to generate campaigns that will get to these people.
Target market
The chosen market for a particular product or service.
Test marketing
Using various geographical areas to test the likely uptake of a product or service. Factors such as price, advertising campaigns and distribution channels can be changed in the different areas to measure the optimum route to market for product launch.
Transactional purchasing
The way customers buy products or services based on facts and availability like price. This way assumes that the customer has no preference for supplier or brand. The internet has increased the level of transactional purchasing and as such businesses require a different approach to internet marketing in many circumstances. A ' non-emotional' purchase decision (see relational purchasing for contrast).
Unit pricing
A product that is sold by weights or measures.
USP
(USP) Also referred to as Unique Selling Principle) - a brand's unique property or characteristic that clearly differentiates it from the competition. A marketing company can develop a powerful USP for new products or services.
Vertical integration
The merger or acquisition of two companies within a market but compliment each other because they are within different parts of the channel, e.g., a manufacturer merging with a retail chain, or a supplier merging with a company that buys its products in order to market their goods.
Weak product
A product in decline or easily vulnerable to attack due to its poor quality or marketing power.
White goods
The methods used in such industries as airlines and hotels to maximise the amount of profit per unit sold.
WIIFM
What's in it for me. A good way of summarising what customers want when choosing to buy something.
X-Factor
The 'little something' that makes a product or service extra special.
YouTube
A platform for sharing video content founded on Valentine's Day 2005 by workers of PayPal.
Yuppie
A 1980's label, mostly used as a negative term, describing a successful young person perceived as flashy, self-centred and lacking respect for other people.
Zapping
The phenomenon of consumers using the tv remote control during adverts, thus reducing the effectiveness of advertising campaigns.

63 terms shown in the P view.

404 Page

A 404 page appears when a visitor tries to reach a page that cannot be found. It may happen because a page has moved, a URL has changed, a link is wrong or the visitor typed the address incorrectly.

A useful 404 page helps the visitor recover by offering navigation, search, links to important pages or a clear route back into the website.

Packaging Design

Packaging design shapes how a product is presented, protected, explained and recognised. It can influence shelf visibility, brand perception, customer understanding, product information, compliance, usability, sustainability and the buying decision.

Good packaging design connects practical requirements with brand position and market appeal, helping the product communicate clearly at the point of consideration or purchase.

Page Builder

A page builder is a tool used to create and manage website layouts visually. It can help build pages, sections, content blocks, cards, buttons, forms and responsive layouts without editing every element in code.

A good page builder gives marketing teams more control over presentation while still needing careful design, performance and content discipline.

Page Hierarchy

Page hierarchy describes the order and importance of pages within a website. It helps define which pages are main pages, which sit underneath them, and how content should be grouped.

A clear hierarchy supports navigation, internal linking, search understanding and the commercial role of key service, resource and conversion pages.

Page Speed

Page speed describes how quickly a web page loads and becomes usable. It can be affected by hosting, images, code, fonts, scripts, caching, server response, page weight and third-party tools.

Good page speed supports user experience, search performance and conversion because people are more likely to stay and act when pages respond quickly.

Page Template

A page template is a reusable layout or structure used for similar pages across a website. It may guide service pages, blog posts, case studies, glossary pages, landing pages, location pages or resource content.

Good templates help maintain consistency while making it easier to build and manage larger websites with multiple related pages.

Page Title

A page title is the main title used to identify a web page in search results, browser tabs and page metadata. It helps users and search engines understand the subject and purpose of the page.

A strong page title should be clear, relevant and aligned with the search intent or page role it is designed to serve.

Paid Media

Paid media is marketing exposure purchased through advertising or sponsored placement. It can include paid search, paid social, display advertising, sponsored content, programmatic media, print advertising, outdoor advertising, radio, video advertising and other paid channels.

Paid media gives a business greater control over reach, targeting, timing and budget, making it useful for campaigns that need visibility, traffic, enquiries or awareness within a defined timescale.

Paid Partnership

A paid partnership is a commercial arrangement where a creator, influencer, publisher or partner is paid to promote or create content for a brand. It may involve social posts, videos, reviews, events, affiliate links, sponsorship or campaign content.

A strong paid partnership should be clearly aligned with the audience, message, brand and commercial objective.

Paid Search

Paid search is advertising that appears in search engine results when people search for relevant words, phrases, products or services. It allows a business to reach prospects at the point they are actively looking for information, suppliers, prices, advice or a solution.

A strong paid search approach connects search terms, advert copy, landing pages, budget and conversion tracking, so the campaign is judged by commercial value as well as clicks.

Paid Social

Paid social uses advertising on social media platforms to reach defined audiences, promote content, generate enquiries, support campaigns or build demand. It can use audience data, interests, behaviours, job roles, locations, remarketing lists or account targeting to put messages in front of selected groups.

The commercial strength of paid social comes from matching the audience, message, creative, offer and landing route so the campaign has a clear role within the wider marketing plan.

Pain Point

A pain point is a problem, frustration, cost, risk or difficulty that creates a reason for a customer to seek a solution. It may relate to time, money, quality, performance, confidence, compliance, complexity, service, capacity or missed opportunity.

Identifying pain points helps marketing and sales explain the relevance of the offer and show how the business can help remove pressure or create a better outcome.

Part-Time Marketing Director

A part-time marketing director gives a business access to senior marketing leadership without the commitment of a full-time appointment. The role may help set objectives, shape strategy, manage agencies, guide campaigns, review budgets, support sales and build a more effective marketing function.

This can be valuable where the business needs strategic marketing direction, but the scale, budget or stage of growth does not yet justify a permanent senior hire.

Partner Marketing

Partner marketing is activity carried out with or through partner organisations to reach customers, build demand or support sales. It may include joint campaigns, co-branded content, events, referral activity, reseller support, webinars, account targeting or shared offers.

A strong partner marketing approach aligns the interests of both organisations and gives the audience a clear reason to respond to the combined proposition.

Pay-Per-Click

Pay-per-click, or PPC, is a digital advertising model where the advertiser usually pays when someone clicks on an advert. It is commonly used in search advertising, paid social, display campaigns and other online media where traffic, enquiries, sales or other actions can be tracked.

Good PPC management links budget to commercial intent, making sure spend is focused on the searches, audiences, messages and pages most likely to produce worthwhile outcomes.

Perceptual Map

A perceptual map shows how customers or markets perceive different brands, products or services against selected factors. These factors may include price, quality, innovation, trust, service, expertise, value or specialist focus.

The purpose is to make market perception easier to see, giving positioning and brand strategy a clearer basis for decision-making.

Performance Measurement

Performance measurement defines how marketing will be assessed across its objectives, strategy and tactics. It provides the checks and balances needed to judge whether the marketing approach is working, whether tactical activity is delivering, and whether the business is moving towards the outcomes it set out to achieve.

It may include commercial results, campaign performance, enquiry quality, conversion, cost efficiency, market movement, audience response, sales support and other indicators that show whether marketing is contributing properly rather than simply generating activity.

Pestle Analysis

PESTLE analysis looks at the wider external forces that may affect a market or organisation, including political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors. It helps businesses think beyond their own offer and consider the conditions that may shape demand, risk, competition, timing and future opportunity.

Used properly, it gives strategy a wider commercial context, especially where external change could alter how, where or when a business should act.

Photography Style

Photography style defines the type of imagery a brand or campaign uses. It may cover subject matter, lighting, composition, colour treatment, people, locations, product presentation, authenticity and level of polish.

A strong photography style supports brand consistency and helps the imagery communicate the right level of professionalism, personality and market position.

Pillar Page

A pillar page is a substantial page that covers a major subject and links to related supporting content. It often acts as the central page for a topic cluster, service area or strategic theme.

A strong pillar page gives users a clear overview while guiding them towards deeper information, related questions and relevant commercial pages.

Pilot Programme

A pilot programme tests a product, service, campaign or process with a limited group before wider rollout. It may be used to gather feedback, prove value, refine delivery, test demand, build evidence or reduce uncertainty before larger investment.

A good pilot gives the business practical insight and early proof, helping the next stage of marketing, sales or implementation become more focused.

Pipeline

Pipeline describes the active sales opportunities a business is working on at different stages. It may include prospects, qualified leads, proposals, negotiations, expected values, likely close dates and the probability of conversion.

From a marketing perspective, pipeline gives a clearer view of how well activity is contributing to future revenue and where stronger support may be needed.

Pixel Tracking

Pixel tracking uses small pieces of code to record user actions or build audiences for advertising and measurement. It is commonly used in paid social, display advertising, remarketing, conversion tracking and campaign optimisation.

Good pixel tracking helps connect advertising activity with behaviour and outcomes on the website.

Planner

A planner is a tool or document used to organise activity, decisions, timings, resources or priorities. It may support campaigns, content, launches, social media, budgets, marketing plans or customer journeys.

A strong planner helps people move from intention to structured action.

Podcast Advertising

Podcast advertising places promotional messages within or around podcast content. It may include host-read adverts, recorded spots, sponsorship, branded segments or campaign partnerships.

Podcast advertising can work well when the audience, subject matter, host trust and message are closely aligned.

Point Of Sale

Point of sale refers to the place or moment where a purchase decision is made or completed. It can be a till, display, shelf, ecommerce checkout, product page, counter, showroom, event stand or other buying point.

Point-of-sale marketing supports the decision at that moment through messages, displays, offers, packaging, signage, sales material or prompts that help the buyer act.

Portfolio Analysis

Portfolio analysis looks at products, services, brands or business areas through the lens of the organisation as a whole. It helps a business understand which parts of the portfolio generate cash, which have future growth potential, which may need investment, which consume resources, and which may need to be repositioned, sold, reduced or removed.

In marketing and strategy, it gives a top-level view of where growth may be funded, where risk may be building, where competitors may choose to attack, and how different parts of the portfolio should support the wider commercial direction.

Positioning Map

A positioning map is a visual way of comparing how different brands, products or services sit within a market. It usually places competitors against two or more important factors, such as price, quality, innovation, reliability, specialist focus, service level or perceived value.

The purpose is to show where the market is crowded, where a gap may exist, and where a business could hold a clearer or more defensible position.

Post-Production

Post-production is the work completed after filming or recording. It may include editing, colour grading, sound mixing, motion graphics, captions, music, voiceover, visual effects, exports and delivery formats.

Strong post-production turns captured material into a finished piece of communication with structure, clarity and professional finish.

Poster Campaign

A poster campaign uses printed or digital posters across selected locations to promote a message, product, event, service or brand. It may support awareness, local activity, launches, public information or retail promotion.

A strong poster campaign combines clear creative with location planning and enough frequency to make the message visible.

Poster Design

Poster design creates a visual message intended to be seen quickly in a public, event, retail or campaign setting. It may support awareness, promotion, recruitment, events, launches or brand activity.

A strong poster combines impact, clarity and simplicity so the message can be understood at a glance.

Presentation Design

Presentation design shapes how information appears in slides or visual presentations. It involves structure, hierarchy, typography, imagery, charts, pacing, brand style and the balance between spoken and written content.

Good presentation design helps the audience follow the argument, understand the key points and remember the message.

Press Advertising

Press advertising places adverts in newspapers, magazines, trade press or editorial publications. It may support local campaigns, B2B visibility, recruitment, announcements, launches or brand activity.

Strong press advertising connects publication choice, readership, creative and message so the advert feels relevant to the context in which it appears.

Press Release

A press release is a written announcement prepared for journalists, editors or media outlets. It may cover news such as a launch, appointment, event, contract win, research finding, partnership, investment, milestone or organisational development.

A good press release gives the media a clear, credible and relevant story, supported by the facts, context and quotes needed to judge whether it deserves coverage.

Pricing Page

A pricing page presents the cost, packages or pricing structure for a product or service. It may include comparison tables, plan differences, value explanations, FAQs, proof, calls to action and reassurance around fit.

A strong pricing page helps visitors understand options and move towards a decision with greater confidence.

Pricing Strategy

Pricing strategy defines the commercial approach a business takes to setting and managing price. It considers factors such as market position, cost, value, margin, competition, customer perception, buying behaviour, channel structure and the role price plays in supporting growth.

Price can shape how a product or service is perceived, how it competes and how profitable growth is achieved. It is often both a commercial decision and a strategic marketing signal.

Primary Research

Primary research collects new information directly from the people, organisations or markets a business wants to understand. It may involve interviews, surveys, focus groups, customer conversations, observation, testing, feedback forms or direct market engagement.

Its value comes from hearing and seeing what matters in the specific situation, giving the business fresh evidence that can shape strategy, positioning, product development, messaging and campaign decisions.

Print Advertising

Print advertising uses paid space in newspapers, magazines, trade publications, brochures, directories, programmes or other printed media. It can support brand awareness, sector credibility, local visibility, recruitment, events, launches and response campaigns.

A good print advert needs a clear idea, strong visual hierarchy and a message suited to the reader and publication environment.

Print-Ready Artwork

Print-ready artwork is a final design file prepared to the technical standards required for printing. It may include correct size, bleed, crop marks, colour mode, image resolution, fonts, margins and file format.

Proper print-ready artwork helps ensure the printed material appears as intended and can be produced efficiently by the printer.

Product Demonstration

A product demonstration shows how a product, service or system works in practice. It can be delivered in person, online, through video, at events, in sales meetings or through interactive tools.

A strong demonstration connects features with value, helping the buyer understand how the offer performs, how it solves the problem and how it fits the situation they care about.

Product Development

Product development focuses on creating or improving products or services for markets the business already serves or understands. It may involve new features, service extensions, packaging, pricing, formats, variants, bundles or improvements that strengthen the offer.

In strategic terms, product development helps a business grow by giving existing or related customers stronger reasons to buy, upgrade, stay, switch or expand their relationship.

Product Feature

A product feature is a specific characteristic, function, component or capability of a product or service. Features describe what the offer has or does, such as size, specification, material, process, technology, service element, speed or functionality.

Features become more powerful in marketing when they are connected to the benefit they create for the customer.

Product Launch Planning

Product launch planning organises the work needed to take a new or changed product into the market. It connects the launch objectives, market readiness, positioning, route to market, sales preparation, promotional activity, timing, budget and performance measures into a structured plan.

A strong launch plan brings the product, market, sales team and communication activity into line, so the launch has the practical support needed to build awareness, interest, confidence and adoption.

Product Life Cycle

The product life cycle describes the stages a product or service may move through from introduction and growth to maturity, decline or renewal. Each stage can require different marketing, pricing, sales, distribution and product-development decisions.

Understanding the life cycle helps a business support products at the right level, protect established revenue and identify when development, repositioning or replacement may create stronger future value.

Product Naming

Product naming creates the name for a product, range, variant or service offer. It should consider the market, buyer understanding, product role, brand fit, distinctiveness, searchability, legal checks, future range development and ease of use across sales and marketing material.

A strong product name helps people recognise the offer and understand where it sits within the wider brand or portfolio.

Product Portfolio

A product portfolio is the full collection of products, services, brands or offers managed by a business. It may include established revenue generators, growth opportunities, specialist offers, emerging products and areas that need review.

Understanding the portfolio helps the business decide where to invest, where to focus marketing support, which offers carry future potential and how the mix contributes to the wider commercial plan.

Product Positioning

Product positioning defines where a product should sit in the market compared with alternatives and competitors. It considers the product’s role, features, benefits, price, customer need, competitive advantage, perceived value and the type of buyer it is intended to appeal to.

Strong product positioning gives sales and marketing a clearer basis for explaining why the product matters and why it deserves a particular place in the buyer’s decision.

Product Range

A product range is a group of related products or services offered by a business. It may include different versions, sizes, specifications, price points, packages, applications or service levels designed to serve different customer needs.

Managing the range properly helps marketing and sales present the offer clearly, prioritise what matters and guide buyers towards the most relevant choice.

Product Sample

A product sample gives customers or prospects a chance to experience part of a product before committing to a full purchase. It may be used in retail, trade marketing, direct marketing, events, launches or account development.

Sampling can help reduce uncertainty and create interest where experiencing the product makes the value easier to understand.

Product Strategy

Product strategy defines how a product or service will support the wider commercial and marketing objectives of the business. It considers the role of the product, the market need it serves, its features, benefits, positioning, pricing logic, future development and place within the wider portfolio.

Strong product strategy gives marketing and sales a clearer basis for explaining the offer, identifying the right market and building demand around the reasons the product or service deserves attention.

Product-Market Fit

Product-market fit describes the point where a product or service matches a real market need strongly enough to create demand, adoption or repeat use. It reflects the relationship between the offer, the audience, the problem solved, the value created and the buyer’s willingness to choose it.

Understanding product-market fit helps a business judge whether growth depends on more promotion, better positioning, product improvement or a clearer market focus.

Production Schedule

A production schedule organises the timing and sequence of production work. It may include planning, scripting, filming, editing, review stages, graphics, sound, captions, approvals and delivery dates.

A strong schedule helps video, photography or creative production move efficiently from brief to finished asset.

Programmatic Advertising

Programmatic advertising uses technology and data to buy and place digital adverts across websites, apps and platforms. It can support audience targeting, real-time bidding, contextual placement, retargeting, frequency control and campaign optimisation.

Its commercial value comes from combining targeting, creative, media quality and performance data so advertising reaches relevant audiences at appropriate scale.

Project Plan

A project plan sets out how a piece of work will be delivered. It may include tasks, timings, responsibilities, milestones, dependencies, approvals, resources, risks and review points.

In marketing, a good project plan helps keep strategy, creative work, digital delivery, content, campaigns and approvals moving in a controlled and coordinated way.

Promotional Mix

The promotional mix is the combination of communication tools used to promote a business, product, service or offer. It may include advertising, PR, direct marketing, sales promotion, digital activity, social media, events, content, sponsorship and sales support.

A strong promotional mix gives the campaign or marketing plan the right balance of activity, budget and timing, so the chosen channels work together rather than operating as separate pieces of promotion.

Promotional Plan

A promotional plan is the part of the marketing plan that sets out how promotion will support the objectives and strategy. It normally comes after the higher-level decisions have been made and deals with the practical communication activity needed to reach, influence or convert the intended audience.

It may include advertising, PR, social media, email, direct marketing, events, search, content, sales promotions and supporting materials, with each area planned around timing, budget, audience, message and expected contribution.

Promotional Video

A promotional video is created to promote a product, service, campaign, event, offer or organisation. It may be used on websites, landing pages, social media, email, exhibitions, presentations or paid advertising.

A strong promotional video should make the offer clear, create interest and guide the viewer towards a relevant next step.

Proof Point

A proof point is a specific piece of evidence used to support a claim, message or proposition. It may include a statistic, client example, result, award, review, case study, certification, demonstration, process, guarantee or comparison.

Good proof points turn marketing from assertion into evidence, helping prospects see why the message deserves attention and trust.

Proposal Document

A proposal document sets out the recommended approach, scope, deliverables, costs, timings and commercial rationale for a piece of work. It should show that the supplier understands the requirement and can provide a credible route to the outcome the client needs.

A good proposal supports decision-making by making the offer clear, structured, relevant and easy to assess.

Prospect

A prospect is a person or organisation that may have the need, interest, fit or potential to become a customer. Prospects may be identified through marketing activity, sales research, referrals, events, search, enquiries or account targeting.

Understanding prospects properly helps marketing and sales prioritise communication, content and follow-up around the opportunities most likely to matter.

Prototype

A prototype is an early working or visual version of a website, product, app, page or design idea. It can be used to test structure, interaction, content flow, layout or functionality before final development.

A good prototype helps teams learn quickly and make better decisions before full production begins.

Psychographics

Psychographics look at attitudes, interests, motivations, values, lifestyle, opinions and personality traits that may influence behaviour. They help explain why people may respond differently even when their basic demographic profile looks similar.

Used carefully, psychographics can give marketing a deeper understanding of message, tone, offer and customer motivation.

Public Relations

Public relations, or PR, manages how a business, organisation, product or person is presented to the public, media, stakeholders and wider market. It can involve media relations, announcements, reputation, events, thought leadership, crisis communication, launches, community engagement and public-facing messages.

Good PR helps build credibility, visibility and understanding by shaping the story people hear about the organisation outside paid advertising.